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Predicted scarcity of conventional fuels and their increasing cost have given rise to interest in alternative fuels like biofuels, ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, hydrogen, producer gas, acetylene etc. in order to meet the energy requirement. Gaseous fuels are good for clean burning, but are costly. In the present study, a single cylinder, four strokes, direct injection, vertical, water cooled, variable...
Due to increasing fuel consumption in various industries, especially in road transport, interest in increasing the market proportion of renewable fuels is growing. The raw materials for production of ethanol may include sugar beets, sugar cane, potatoes and many other plants containing starch. In some countries, ethanol has been successfully used for many years as a self-contained fuel in positive-ignition...
The paper presents some results of numerical simulations of the effects of reburning mechanically-activated micronized coal on reduction of NOx and unburnt carbon residual in a tangentially fired boiler of 500 t/h steam production. The conventional RANS approach was used to compute two-phase (reactive dispersed particles in gaseous medium) multi-component system, with some modifications related to...
This work study the catalytic co-hydroprocessing of used frying oil (UFO) with atmospheric gas oil (AGO), paying particular attention to the effect of UFO on the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) and hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) efficiency, the products selectivities and its influence on fuel properties. Hydrotreating experiments were performed in a pilot plant for diesel hydrodesulphurization using a commercial...
This experimental work aims at investigating the potential development of self-heating when torrefied wood chips enter into contact with oxygen. Two kilograms of dried beech chips have been torrefied under nitrogen in a cylindrical reactor at 250 °C or 285 °C. The temperature was then leveled down between 100 °C and 160 °C and nitrogen flow was replaced by oxygen-containing flow. Influences of oxygen...
Compressed natural gas (CNG) is considered as one of the most promising alternative fuel used in transport sector worldwide with great potential. However it suffers from the problem of high NOx emissions in a stoichiometric engine. Stringent emissions norms and demand for high thermal efficiency can be met by ignition of lean fuel-air mixtures, which do not produce oxides of nitrogen (NOx). However...
Oil recovery from carbonate reservoirs is usually low due to their extreme heterogeneity caused by natural fractures and the nature of the oil-wet matrix. Low salinity water flooding (LSWF) and preformed particle gels (PPG) control conformance are two novel technologies that have recently drawn great interest from the oil industry. Theoretically, LSWF can only increase displacement efficiency, and...
Downsizing a spark ignition (SI) engine with boost pressure is a proven way of increasing the thermal efficiency and reducing CO2 emissions. However, the occurrence of abnormal combustion problems such as knock and super knock could seriously damage the downsized SI engine and limit its efficiency improvement. In this study, the effects of the Miller cycle on anti-knock and engine power are experimentally...
Gas desorption and transport in coal matrix plays pivot roles to estimate in situ gas content, forecast gas production from coalbed methane (CBM) wellbores, classify the gas/coal outburst proneness of coal seams and estimate gas emission rate for active mine ventilation planning. Only using Fick’s law to depict methane transport in coal matrix may result in an erroneous prediction because it uses...
Mature CO2 capture technologies would reduce the net thermal efficiency of the coal-fired power plant by 7–13% points, leading to an electricity cost increase of at least 60%. To minimise the energy-intensity of CO2 capture, novel technologies and CO2 capture materials are being developed. This study assessed the techno-economic feasibility of the CO2 capture system using acrylamide-based molecularly...
Characterization of diesel fuels and degraded diesel fuels in the environment is a common issue nowadays. Providing definitive information for litigation regarding determination and distinguishing the origins or sources of fuel spill contamination has been a significant need among the environmental forensics community. Diesel fuels contain more complex chemicals and isomers compared to gasoline. Here,...
High dispersion of Pt nanoparticles encapsulated in hollow Pt@HBZ microreactor has been successfully fabricated through the function of resorcinol-formaldehyde layer during the synthesis process. The low-temperature ethanol steam reforming (LT-ESR) on the Pt@HBZ was studied using various techniques with a focus on the structural characterization of the catalysts, reaction mechanism, and understanding...
This study adopted a molecular dynamics simulation technique to investigate characteristics of chemically bound water in brown coal and effects of ambient oxidation and temperature at varying total system water contents (TSWC). The Hatcher’s brown coal model structure was utilized to simulate a non-altered lignite-water system. An oxidized system was created by modifying the Hatcher’s model structure...
Theoretical equation to evaluate the effect of temperature on the flammability limits of pure hydrocarbons was proposed in present study and compared with other methods available in the literatures. Theoretical equation was based on the thermal theory. Verification of the linear equation has been implemented on the cases of hydrogen, methane, propane, propylene, butylene, pentane and isobutane. The...
Winterization is one means of improving the low temperature flow properties of biodiesel fuel, by the separation of saturated FAMEs. Additives are also employed to improve separation in the winterization process by modifying the crystallization behavior. This process is referred to as additive winterization. In a previous study, we investigated a novel additive winterization method in which FAMEs...
Scrubbing with seawater is a reliable technology for flue-gas desulfurization in coal-fired power plants or in marine applications. The introduction of new regulations for emission control in Europe and the due increment of operational efficiency are pushing forward the optimization of scrubber’s design, for which packing columns may be a better solution compared to spray columns. The design of a...
In order to study the generation of organic acids and their dissolution effects on reservoirs, the type, yield and stability of common organic acids in the stratum were analyzed by laboratory simulations of the organic acid generation from kerogen and the decarboxylation of these organic acids. A kinetic model for the generation of organic acids and thermodynamic models of the decarboxylation of organic...
The kinetics of Botryococcus braunii pyrolysis was studied using commonly used model-free and model-fitting methods. Differential and integral versions of iso-conversional model-free methods provide effective apparent activation energy as a function of conversion. Reaction-order and Šesták and Berggren (SB) models were considered for the estimation of global single reaction mechanism. It was shown...
A low thermally stable jet A-1 fuel was heated up to 115 h under engine representative condition in a simulated burner feed arm with cylindrical shape using “Aviation Fuel Thermal Stability Test Unit (AFTSTU)”. The local growth of surface carbonaceous deposits was measured by the use of three K-type thermocouples which were inserted in discrete locations along the inner surface of heated tube. Subsequently,...
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